031 比較(Comparison)④ 比較級(2者間に差がある場合)
【形式】
(形容詞・副詞の比較級) than … 「…よりも( )だ」
[強調] much/a lot/far (比較級) than … 「…よりもずっと( )だ」
⇔ a little/a bit (比較級) than … 「…よりもちょっとだけ( )だ」
like (A) better(more) than (B) 「(B)よりも(A)のほうが好き」
[疑問]
Who/Which (比較級)の疑問文、~or… 「~と…のどちらがより( )か」 who:人、which:もの
[差]
[差] (比較級)than …
(比較級)than …by [差]
「…より[差]分( )だ」
【例文】
1 My sister gets up earlier than me [I do].
2 Her bike is more expensive than mine.
4 Tokyo is bigger than Sapporo.
5 Japan is a little larger than England.
6 Who gets up earlier, you or your sister?
7 Which is larger, Japan or England?
8 Which do you like better, coffee or tea?
9 I like coffee better than tea.
10 My sister is three years older than me.
※比較級&原級
≒I don't get up as early as my sister.
※比較級の書き換え A>B → B<A
≒My bike is cheaper than hers.
My bike is less expensive than hers.
My bike is not as expensive as hers.
≒Sapporo is smaller than Tokyo.
※比較級の協調
a lot/far/muchを比較級の前に置く→2者間の差が「大きい」ことを強調
a bit/a littleを比較級の前に置く→2者間の差が「小さい」ことを示す
※比較級の疑問文
2者間の差を示すため、質問は2択
答えはどちらか一方
I do [Me]./My sister (does).
Japan (is).
※like はmoreよりbetterとの組み合わせの用例が多い
more:bigger quantity:量的な差
better:higher quality:質的な差
※差+比較級
比較級の後でbyをつけて[差]を示すこともできる
≒My sister is older than my by three years.
y
