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広島市の歴史（広島市の公式サイトより）
(1)原始・古代
この時代には現在の広島市の中心部はまだ形成されていません。
現在の広島市街地がある太田川下流域はほとんどが海でした。
近代現代になって干拓や埋め立てで市街地が形成されました。
したがって、この時代の遺跡は広島市の郊外で発掘されています。
牛田・矢野・五日市地区や、この時代は広島湾に浮かぶ島であった比治山に縄文時代の遺跡があります。
また、中沖積地を見下ろす丘陵を中心に、市内各地域に弥生時代の遺跡があります。
古墳時代前期になると、口田の中小田古墳群、緑井の宇那木山古墳群、神宮山古墳群など太田川流域に大型の古墳が築造されるようになりました。
古墳時代の後期になると可部や白木などの内陸地域でも古墳が盛んにつくられるようになりました。
律令制度下の地方政治は国府を中心に行われていました。
安芸国では西条(東広島市)または府中(安芸郡府中町)に国府が設けられ、平安時代中期には府中にあったとされています。白木の三田郷などは国府と関係がありました。
律令制度がくずれてくると、貴族・寺社や皇室は荘園を所有するようになり、8世紀末には牛田荘が大和国西大寺領となったほか、可部荘(可部)、三入荘(三入)、田門(たと)荘(口田周辺)などが設けられました。
当時の太田川河口付近であった祇園地区の山本周辺には、内陸部にあった厳島神社の荘園からの物資を運び出すための倉敷地がありました。
History of Hiroshima City
(1) Prehistoric and Ancient Periods
During this period, the central area of present-day Hiroshima City had not yet been formed.
The lower reaches of the Ota River, where the current city center of Hiroshima is located, were mostly covered by the sea.
The city center was formed in the modern and contemporary eras through land reclamation and filling.
Consequently, archaeological sites from this period have been unearthed in the suburbs of Hiroshima City.
There are Jomon-period archaeological sites in the Ushita, Yano, and Itsukaichi districts, as well as on Mount Hijiyama, which was an island in Hiroshima Bay during this era.
In addition, Yayoi-period archaeological sites are found throughout various parts of the city, primarily on the hills overlooking the middle alluvial plains.
In the early Kofun period, large burial mounds began to be constructed in the Ota River basin, including the Nakaoda Kofun Group in Kuchida, the Unagiyama Kofun Group in Midorii, and the Jinguyama Kofun Group.
By the late Kofun period, the construction of burial mounds had become widespread even in inland areas such as Kabe and Shiraki.
Under the Ritsuryō system, local politics were centered around the provincial capital (kokufu).
In Aki Province, the provincial capital was established in Saijō (Higashi-Hiroshima City) or Fuchū (Fuchū Town, Aki District), and by the mid-Heian period, it is believed to have been located in Fuchū. Areas such as the Mita Village in Shiraki were associated with the provincial capital.
As the Ritsuryō system began to break down, aristocrats, temples and shrines, and the Imperial Household began to own shōen (manors). By the end of the 8th century, Ushida-shō had become part of the Saidaiji domain in Yamato Province, and other shōen such as Kabe-shō (Kabe), Miiri-shō (Miiri), and Tato-shō (around Kuchida) were established.
In the Yamamoto area of the Gion district—which was near the mouth of the Ota River at that time—there was a warehouse site used to transport supplies from the shōen of Itsukushima Shrine, located inland.
Translated with DeepL.com (free version)
