中学英語復習してます。
けっこういいかげんに理解している箇所もあり勉強になります。
18:33 2026/08/27
p120
Lesson 16 前置詞と名詞
[前置詞の役割]
①前置詞＋名詞で前置詞句を作る
M（修飾語）、C（補語）になり、形容詞や副詞の役割をする
We met a whale and a shark in the sea.
in the sea 副詞として名詞以外の語（句）を修飾
副詞の役割
She hates the crowd in a concert.
※前置詞句が in a concert が名詞 the crowd を詳しく修飾（説明）
形容詞の役割
Some pilots are from China.
※前置詞句が補語になる
②自動詞＋前置詞で目的語をとる
※（自動詞＋前置詞）≒他動詞
前置詞の後ろにくる名詞は目的語（代名詞は目的格になる）
（×）for he （〇）for him
We're looking for him in a group.
I looked at the new design.
[時の前置詞]
前置詞の後ろには時を表す名詞が続く
at < on < in
時刻 曜日・特定日 年・月・季節
Shool starts in spring.
We can enjoy New Year's Eve in December.
He came to Japan in 2000.
You go shopping on Sunday.
We got married on October 8.
I go to bed at 11.
[時の前置詞（期間）]…時間的に動きがあるイメージ
for:年数・日数・時間
during:一定期間（時期）
till [until]:ある動作の継続期間
by:ある動作の完了期限
You should study English for 3 hours a day.
I will stay there during the national holidays.
You have to be here till next Monday.
I must come back by next Monday.
★その他の時の前置詞
before, after, through, from A to B
[場所の前置詞]（＝時の前置詞と同じ）
in：広がりのある空間
at:ある一点の場所・地点
on:面にピタリと接地
They may be quite famous in France.
She will be able to meet him at the station.
There wasn't such a flag on the beach.
Look at the romantic picture on the wall.
★その他の場所の前置詞
under, over, above, below, behind, in front of,
near, by:nearより近い位置
among:３個・人以上の間で、between, between A and B
[方向の前置詞]
for:目的や到達の方向を示す
to:ある地点や時に向かう
from:別の方向へ離れる
I bought a bunch of roses for my wife.
We went to the west of Russia last September.
You came from the east of London, right?
★その他の方向の前置詞
against, across, along
The ship was going against the wave.
There is a new house across this street.
Go straight along this main street.
[時・場所・方向 以外]
by 交通手段
about 対象
with 道具・所有・状況
wihhout ～なしで
of 所有
like ～のように
A friend of mine gave this to me in return.
※この意味ではofの後ろは所有代名詞
または所有格＋名詞、になる
It sounded like an old style of music.
[前置詞の役割]（英語での説明 AI）
英文法 前置詞の役割 英語で説明してください
前置詞は、意味のつながりを作るところが大事ですね。
🧩 基本の役割
In English grammar, a preposition is a word that shows the relationship between one word and another word in a sentence. It is usually followed by a noun phrase, a pronoun, or an -ing form, and together they make a prepositional phrase. Common examples are in, on, at, to, for, with, and from. (cambridge.org)
📍 何を示すか
Prepositions often show place, time, direction, cause, means, or connection.
Place: The book is on the table.
Time: We met at noon.
Direction: She went to the station.
Means: He came by bus.
Connection: This gift is for you.
So, a preposition helps the listener or reader understand how people, things, or events are connected. (dictionary.cambridge.org)
🛠 文の中での働き
A prepositional phrase can work like an adjective or an adverb.
As an adjective: The boy in the blue shirt is my brother.
As an adverb: She studied in the library.
In the first sentence, in the blue shirt describes the boy. In the second sentence, in the library tells us where she studied. (bookclub2.japantimes.co.jp)
⚠️ 覚えたい点
The meaning of a preposition is sometimes logical, but many combinations must be learned as fixed expressions, such as interested in, good at, or depend on. So, prepositions are not only grammar markers but also an important part of vocabulary. (learnenglish.britishcouncil.org)
